China has proposed three marine economic passages connecting Asia with Africa, Oceania, Europe and beyond in a bid to advance maritime cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative.

The proposal is highlighted in a document titled Vision for Maritime Cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative, which was jointly released on June 20 by the National Development and Reform Commission and the State Oceanic Administration.

It was the first time the Chinese government had published its maritime cooperation plans under the Belt and Road Initiative since it started to promote the massive development strategy three years ago.

The initiative, proposed by President Xi Jinping in 2013, refers to the Silk Road Economic Belt, which will link China with Europe through Central and Western Asia, and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which stretches from Southern China to Southeast Asia, and even to Africa.

The document said China will strive to designate three “blue economic passages”－the China-Indian Ocean-Africa-Mediterranean Sea Blue Economic Passage; the China-Oceania-South Pacific Blue Economic Passage; and one that will lead to Europe via the Arctic Ocean.

The China-Indian Ocean-Africa-Mediterranean Sea Blue Economic Passage will be based on coastal economic belts in China. It will link the China-Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor and run westward from the South China Sea to the Indian Ocean, connecting the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor, according to the document.

The China-Oceania-South Pacific Blue Economic Passage is set to head south from the South China Sea into the Pacific Ocean.

The document does not give details about the passage to Europe through the Arctic Ocean.

The Chinese government called on nations participating in the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road to work together to preserve marine ecology, boosting maritime connectivity, fostering marine economy, safeguarding security at sea, deepening research in oceanography and enhancing collaboration, according to the document.

To achieve these goals, China plans to take a host of measures, such as establishing a marine environmental protection cooperation mechanism with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations; supporting island nations coping with climate change and ocean disasters; and sharing research capability with partners.