There was a time, not too long ago, when all that multinational corporations had to do to succeed in China was employ a simple, time-tested formula: Bring in bestselling products, popularize them, make profits, build local factories, expand or enhance the product portfolio, throw in some value-added services, and, maybe, even hire local CEOs, in order to reach more consumers in lower-tier cities.
Well, MNCs now realize that formula will no longer suffice, experts said. So, MNCs ranging from established manufacturers to renowned energy giants are altering their China strategies with newfound zeal.
For instance, by the end of May, as many as 848 MNCs had their regional headquarters set up in Shanghai. Despite recent COVID lockdowns, the megacity remains the proud home to 512 foreign-funded research and development centers, the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Commerce said.
Reasons abound for MNCs' focus on China, experts said. For one, China is the world's second-largest economy (GDP: $17.7 trillion at the annual average exchange rate in 2021). For another, it is humongous in terms of sheer geographical spread and population.
Add to that factors like rising disposable incomes that stoke consumption upgrade, huge demographic segments of consumers, future growth prospects, economic resilience amid the COVID-19 pandemic, and game-changing multilateral, regional, and bilateral trade agreements, and it becomes easy to understand why MNCs are furiously developing China-specific strategies, experts said.
The current COVID-induced downward pressure and disruptions to industrial and supply chains notwithstanding, China has been trying to make the most of the brightening dynamic in its market.
For instance, over and above reforms and higher-level opening-up, there are proactive consultations with business leaders; thrust on high-tech, innovation, and digitalization; efforts to reform the World Trade Organization for a just and fair multilateral trading system; and a host of other fiscal and monetary tweaks from time to time－all to ensure MNCs receive a level playing field in China.
Denis Depoux, managing director of Roland Berger, a global consultancy, said China will remain an attractive market, a superior industrial cluster, and an increasingly efficient innovation hub for most MNCs.
What is more, the China market increasingly demonstrates distinct characteristics, particularly in consumption patterns, technology, and evolution of business formats.
In response, MNCs in China are betting big on localization, engagement with various stakeholders, increased investments, and emerging business models, Depoux said.
Agreed Nathan Stoner, vice-president of the United States-based power solutions provider Cummins Inc and chairman of Cummins China. Stoner said Cummins' presence in China is critical to the company's growth globally. China continues to be the largest end-market by volume in many of its application markets, and one of the fastest developing markets for new energy like hydrogen.
"More recently, we have been following the focus on the promotion of technological innovation, environmental sustainability, and closer cross-border collaboration," Stoner said. "We will start operations at our expanded East Asia R&D center in Wuhan, Hubei province, in the third quarter of this year, with $150 million investment to incubate new technologies."
Cummins is building its China headquarters for new power business in Shanghai. Upon completion, it will house a hydrogen technical center and fuel cell assembly operations.
Kenichi Tanaka, president of Japan's Fujifilm (China) Investment Co Ltd, said that although some companies plan to implement the "China plus one" strategy by diversifying their supply chains to mitigate operational risks, China still has advantages in its complete industrial chains and broad market prospects.
"China and Japan share a lot of complementarities in the development of innovative economy, which is conducive to the sustainable development of enterprises," Tanaka said.
Fujifilm, he said, will continue to cooperate with local partners and promote "local production for local consumption" by strengthening R&D, manufacturing, and marketing capabilities.
The company opened a new innovation and collaboration center in Suzhou, Jiangsu province, in April, providing a variety of media development and optimization services to customers throughout China.
It is not just certain MNCs that are sanguine about China. Data confirm a broader trend. For instance, in the first five months of this year, foreign direct investment flowing into the Chinese mainland, in actual use, expanded 17.3 percent year-on-year to 564.2 billion yuan ($84.04 billion), data from the Ministry of Commerce showed.
In the services sector alone, foreign capital in actual use grew by 10.8 percent year-on-year to 423.3 billion yuan in the January-May period. High-tech industries, high-tech manufacturing, and high-tech services grew by 42.7 percent, 32.9 percent, and 45.4 percent, respectively.
Investment from the Republic of Korea, the US, and Germany climbed by 52.8 percent, 27.1 percent, and 21.4 percent, respectively.
Sheng Qiuping, vice-minister of commerce, said the Chinese market will remain open and unleash more opportunities for global companies, as the fundamentals of the Chinese economy will continue to improve.
China will reinforce the role of fair competition to support the growth of a unified domestic market to further integrate its economy globally and expand high-level opening-up, he said.
Earlier this year, China fully implemented the negative list for foreign investment, expanded the encouraged investment catalog, improved services for investment promotion, and added more cities to the pilot program of opening the services sector.
The updated negative list for 2022 comprises 117 items, down from 123 in the 2020 version. A negative list indicates areas where investment is prohibited or restricted; all other areas are presumed to be open.
In April, the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council, China's Cabinet, jointly released a guideline on accelerating the establishment of a unified domestic market that is highly efficient, rule-based, fair for competition, and open.
The guideline includes plans covering six areas like market regulation and supervision, and measures against unfair competition and market intervention.
It is in line with President Xi Jinping's economic thoughts on building a unified, open, competitive, and orderly market system, where all businesses, whether foreign or local, receive equal status and enjoy equal opportunities in the marketplace.
That China's approach has been effective is borne out by Tesla Inc's Shanghai factory, which started production in just 12 months, said Sherri He, managing director for China of Kearney, a US-based management consulting firm.
Tesla's China plant produced over 484,000 vehicles in Shanghai in 2021, accounting for 52 percent of its global sales. Some 160,000 of these vehicles were exported, showing that much of the production met local demand, she said.
Although China's cost competitiveness in labor has gradually declined, there are many other areas where the country has improved its competitiveness, she said. For example, its middle-income group is growing. Domestic demand is burgeoning. Higher value-added industries now boast technology-backed supply chains.
Concurred Greg Holman, president for China unit of Stryker Corp, a US-based medical technology provider. "Even though the COVID-19 pandemic has presented temporary challenges, they do not change our commitment to China. We will open our China Innovation Center in Shanghai next year."
Holman's view is shared by Bettina Schoen-Behanzin, regional representative for Asia of Freudenberg Group, a German conglomerate operating manufacturing and technology service businesses in 60 countries and regions with about 50,000 employees. She said continued investment in both high-tech manufacturing infrastructure and local R&D facilities is integral to the company's long-term approach and innovation strategy in China.
The company commissioned a new plant－its largest filter production facility in the world－in Foshan, Guangdong province, in October, and will open another two factories in Chongqing and Changchun, Jilin province, in the second half of this year to meet the growing needs of the local market.
SurTec, one of Freudenberg's subsidiaries based in Germany, will also inaugurate its new technical center in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, in the second half.
Lisy Lee, chairman for China of Petronas, Malaysia's State-owned energy group, which supplies liquefied natural gas, petrochemicals, crude oil, and lubricants to China, said the company is seeking to grow its position as a reliable LNG solutions provider to China.
Petronas will also continue to work closely with a spectrum of Chinese customers ranging from State-owned enterprises and other major corporations.
Lee said Petronas Chemicals Group Berhad, one of the group's business units, plans to expand its specialty chemical business in China, on top of core commodity trade with the country.
The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership agreement, the world's largest free trade agreement that took effect in Malaysia on March 18, shows the commitment of all participating countries, including China, to choose to open up markets rather than be protectionist during the pandemic, she said.
Businesses from the RCEP member countries such as Petronas have been able to gain greater access to a broader range of markets, including China, Lee said.
